The Role of game
Theory in the Co-
evolution of Plasmid
Components
A comparison of single plasmids and mobilomes from
Escherichia coli
Anthony Cullen
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What is
Game
Theory?
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The Red Queen and
The Black Queen
Hypotheses
“If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice
as fast as that!” ~ Red Queen, Through the Looking-Glass
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How Does This Relate
to E. coli?
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Methods
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Plasmid Network
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Association Graph
MCR1 only associates with Sul3.
This was the basis for choosing both
MCR1 and Sul3.
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Distributions
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Size Comparison
MCR1 + Sul3
Large plasmids.
Enough space to avoid
one another.
MCR1 Alone
Mainly small plasmids.
Smaller due to cost of
maintenance.
MCR1 uncooperative.
Sul3 Alone
Larger plasmids.
More cooperative than MCR1.
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E. coli average GC is 50.8
MCR1 + Sul3
Mean 46.85519
MCR1 Alone
Mean 43.06297
Sul3 Alone
Mean 49.88768.
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PCA Test
MCR1 + Sul3 are less
variable than the single
resistant genes.
This suggests that
only certain plasmids
fuse.
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Rate Statistic P-Values
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Heat map of Functional Enrichment
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Plasmid Fusion from oriC or oriT?
oriC
oriT
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Plasmid Fusion from oriC or oriT?
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Plasmid Fusion from oriC or oriT?
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Queens’ model Justification
Black Queen Results Red Queen Results
Alone, MCR1 does not perform
vital cell functions, but when
together with Sul3, Sul3 carries
out the necessary functions whilst
MCR1 can benefit from other
genes carrying out mutual tasks
MCR1 competes with itself
Carries out point mutations to
occupy a new niche to stay on
the small plasmid
For co-evolution, individually,
MCR1 and Sul3 are
uncooperative, but they
cooperate together to survive.
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Results Comparison
MCR1 and Sul3 Results CTXM15 and Sul1 Results
MCR1 and Sul3 are
uncooperative genes in contrast
to CTXM15 and Sul1.
Red Queen is present in genetic
basis (point mutations)
Promotion of Black Queen
(Cooperation between plasmids)
CTXM15 and Sul1 are more
cooperative in comparison to
MCR1 and Sul3
CTXM is particularly cooperative
and is present with many other
resistant genes
Both Queen Theories are
present in genomic basis
Failure and promotion of Black
Queen
Thank You
Anthony Cullen
17410942
Maynooth University
SPUR