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Queens’ model Justification
Black Queen Results Red Queen Results
• Alone, MCR1 does not perform
vital cell functions, but when
together with Sul3, Sul3 carries
out the necessary functions whilst
MCR1 can benefit from other
genes carrying out mutual tasks
• MCR1 competes with itself
• Carries out point mutations to
occupy a new niche to stay on
the small plasmid
• For co-evolution, individually,
MCR1 and Sul3 are
uncooperative, but they
cooperate together to survive.